Managerial Economics and the Airline Industry Essay

Managerial Economics and the Airline Industry - Essay Example In line with the high unemployment rate in U.S., millions of the Americans could no longer afford to spend their savings on leisure purposes which will require them to spend a large portion of their savings on air fares. Based on the students knowledge on managerial economics, economic tools and concept will be used in weighing the pros and cons of recommended solution on how the U.S. airline industry could avoid filing bankruptcy. Considering the slow growth in the U.S. economic condition combined with the oil price hike in the global market, merger and acquisition should be approved by the U.S. Department of Justice in terms of minimizing and preventing the number of cases wherein these businesses would file bankruptcy. because of the continuously increasing oil prices in the world market. In line with this matter, the only way to make the airline operational cost to go down is by making its available human resources more efficient. The benefits of allowing business merger among the U.S. Airline Companies includes the fact that existing airline companies will be able to enjoy the benefits of economies of scale. In the process of merging two airline companies into one, the airline business will have more power in terms of maximizing the use of its human resources and assets aside from having a bigger market share in the industry. During the reorganizational process, airline managers will have the option to select and retain their best talents while laying off employees that do not have sufficient knowledge and skills in airline operations. By doing so, a newly merged airline company will be able to cut down its operational costs by making its human resources more efficient. Basically, cutting down the operational costs will enable the newly merged company to offer a more competitive air fare prices as compared to its competitors. For this reason, there is a

Past, Present, and Future Trends Essay Example for Free

Past, Present, and Future Trends Essay Policing as defined by Merriam Webster is to control, regulate, or keep in order by the use of police. Since the early years of its existence, policing has taken on several changes some historically. Policing has made momentous changes since its implementation. Policing has changed form a one sheriff community to a multi-agency department of law enforcement officials sworn to protect and serve. The changes made in policing have varied from race and gender. The development of policing within each level of government has proven to be an every growing entity with major obstacles. The changes in criminal activity, the age of those breaking the law, and the changing laws has made policing and ever changing agency. Past trends like gangs always have been an issue, but pose serious challenges for law enforcement today. â€Å"More and more juveniles are transferred to adult court systems, greater demands will be placed on correctional institutions and their staff (Muraskin Roberts, 2009, pg. 3, Para 5)†. With the threat of urban terrorism, these aggressive gangs control the social lives of many neighborhoods, becoming more of a threat than foreign terrorists (Muraskin Roberts, 2009) Past trends like the large use of illegal drugs that are still causing high incarceration rates is proving that incarceration is not working. These offenders, which were incarcerated for these crimes once released relapse into the same criminal behavior, leaving many victims behind. There have been several changes in policing from the mid 1800s. With the continued changes and growth within many communities, the law enforcement community needed to change and grow with the communities. There were many changes that needed to take place to serve the community and society. Many changes have occurred from the 1960s on into the 1990s. One major change in policing has been the representation of African American officers in many police departments (Walker, Katz, Ch.2). The process to the present policing was a slow and effective process, which has changed over the years to create a more effective policing system. To this day, in many communities there are problems within policing. The present problems still include corruption and many political influences from within the community. Policing today has become more effective with little discrimination. The future produces many different avenues for change in police organizations. Technology has grown, times have changed and people are different today when it comes down to policing in the United States. Almost everything will be digital, accurate and there will no longer be a need for as many officers. The use of our satellites in space will be more common and crime will be detected easier and response times will be faster. The communication with fellow officers will be better. With the future so bright, technology evolving by the day, policing organization can only progress. This will also have a positive impact on the community and maybe it will place trust in our judicial system again. . The changes policing has endured over the course of years has evolved policing into a multifunctional agency of dedicated men and women who have promised to protect and serve. For policing to be effective, agencies of the criminal justice system must continue to work hand-in-hand to provide the best protection for its citizens. Policing will be ever changing because of the differences of criminal activity presented and by the type of criminals involved. Reference: Chapter 2 The History of the American Police by, Samuel Walker, Charles M. Katz https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/TOC.aspx?assetdataid=a8b78864-484e-4b62-b701-f4fe1ceab16eassetmetaid=861d2838-2f16-4997-b003-4b80c855c78b

History Of Monte Carlo Method :: essays research papers

It could be argued that current physics research could be divided into three areas - theoretical, experimental and computational. Numerical approach, in which systems are mimicked as accurately as possible using a computer or in which computer models are set up to provide well - behaved experimental systems are increasingly providing a bridge between theory and experiment, for instance; the Monte Carlo method (MC) and the molecular-dynamics method (MD). In Monte Carlo method the exact dynamical behavior of a system is replaced by a stochastic process, whereas the MD methods are based on a simpler principle and consists of solving a system of Newton's equations for an N-body system. Stochastic simulation is some times called MC simulation (simulation is a numerical technique for conducting experiment on a digital computer, which involves certain types of mathematical and logical models that describe the behavior of the system over extended period of real time). The generally accepted birth date of the MC method is 1949, when an article entitled "The Monte Carlo Method" appeared, the American mathematicians J.Neyman and S.Ulam are considered to be its originator. The first successful application of this method to a problem of statistical thermodynamics dates back only to 1953, when Metropolis and co-workers studied "fluid" consisting of hard disks. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, statistical problems were sometimes solved with the help of random selections, that is, in fact, by the MC method. Prior to the appearance of electronic computers, this method was not widely applicable since the simulation of random quantities by hand is a very laborious process. Thus, the beginning of the MC method as a highly universal numerical technique became possible only with the appearance of computers. Historically, the MC method was considered to be a technique, using random numbers, to find a solution of a model under study.

Grade 8 Graduation Speech

Grade 8 Graduation Speech Hello, graduating class of 2012! Good evening and welcome to all the parents and families who have came to this graduation ceremony today. Our parents are the people who know us the best in the whole world, even if that seems hard to believe, it's true. They've helped us become the people we are today, and they've done a great job. After all, we wouldn’t be here without them. So, thank you, parents. Today, June, 26th, 2012, is the day that we, as a class, are going to graduate the eighth grade. Of course, we all know that. But do we really understand what it all means?The definition of graduation is to complete a class or course of study. That’s it, the original definition of graduating. To me, graduation means more than that. It means growing, it means changing, and it means moving on. Today, the ceremony might seem like it's all happening too fast, or, it might seem like it's never going to end, but all our lives we'll remember it, and that's what counts. My two years of middle school have been a time to remember, I’ve learned a lot during my time in middle school, and these memories are what we are going to remember for the rest of our lives. For me, it all started on the first week of September.All I saw was these big guys playing basketball and soccer and I was wondering whether or not I will be able to fit in. Everyone else was eagerly waiting for the first school bell to ring after like 3 months of summer while I was just standing there looking everywhere as if I was lost. Eventually, all of these started to change as I started to know people better. Thing was, they weren’t as furious or mean as I thought they might be. In the beginning of the school year, I used to nervously switch classes without actually knowing where to go, but now I am familiar with this school like all the others.I managed to develop many new skills and stuff during grade 7. Before I knew it, it was June, grade 7 ended, and to m y surprise, I'd survived my first year of school in Regent Heights. When we came back from a 3 month long summer, I knew what more teachers would expect from me. 8th grade began. We were the oldest, and the wisest. It was a completely different experience for me, with all the testing for specialised program registrations. It required you to know quite few stuff ahead of what you were being taught.After all of that, term 2 came to an end, and we all started setting goals to do well on the next term. Many activities were held during spring. And as usual, it came to an end. We grew as teams and as a grade, but more importantly as people—figuratively and literally. We became smarter, more confident, and of course, taller. Together, we listened as the guidance counsellors told us about the high school and together we looked over the seemingly endless lists of classes. We turned in our worn, wrinkled, class sheets nervously, but a couple months later, all our worries were gone.Toda y, we will graduate together, in a matter of minutes, leaving behind a school, a grade, our team, and some great, great teachers. Together we will enter the high school next fall, and in four years we’ll graduate again. Senior year will be just like this one, but the intensity will be higher. I’m excited to enter high-school, I’m pretty sure it will be fun. And, I'm sure that we can handle all of it: the teachers, the seniors, and of course, the homework. So, it's time for our graduation. Here, now, today, we're ready, even though we might not know it. Let's go, and let's make today a day that we'll remember forever.

Helicopter Parents Essay

I am writing in response to the article â€Å"Interfering parents ‘damaging children’†. This article said that some parents are far too conscious about their children and they try to monitor their every single action. These parents may force them to ‘friend’ them on facebook account, or even checking their text messages. They are called ‘helicopter parents as they keep on tracking their children. I understand that parents care about their children. They do not want their children to get hurt and they try to keep them away from danger. However, these monitoring actions may cause their children to feel trapped with no freedom. Their children will eventually become secretive and they may try to hide themselves in front of their parents. In this case, their parents will try harder to track their children’s actions, which will turn out to be a vicious cycle. Therefore, parents should learn how cope with their children’s problem. Parents can discuss issues that they concern with children but they should still give their children spaces as well as privacy. Children may have their own friends and social life. They may not want their parents to intrude in their social life and make friends with every friend they know. Parents should try to chat with their children as a friend instead of forcing them to report every detail about their school life. If you are willing to give your child more freedom and not over-reacted, your children will be more willing to tell you things happened around them,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœHelicopter parents’ has become a social problem in recent years. We must understand the reason behind and try to cope with the problem. In conclusion, communication between parents and children are important. If parents and children are willing to communicate with each other, they can be clear about each other’s feelings. Thereby making suitable adjustment on the attitude they take on each other.

The Lost Maya Village of Cern

The Lost Maya Village of Cern Cerà ©n, or Joya de Cerà ©n, is the name of a village in El Salvador that was destroyed by a volcanic eruption. Known as the North American Pompeii, because of its level of preservation, Ceren offers a fascinating glimpse into what life was like 1400 years ago. The Discovery ofCern Shortly after dinner started, one early evening in August about 595 AD, the Loma Caldera volcano of north-central El Salvador erupted, sending a fiery mass of ash and debris up to five meters thick for a distance of three kilometers. The inhabitants of the Classic period village now called Cerà ©n, a mere 600 meters from the volcanos center, scattered, leaving dinner on the table, and their homes and fields to the obliterating blanket. For 1400 years, Cerà ©n lay forgotten- until 1978, when a bulldozer inadvertently opened up a window into the perfectly preserved remains of this once thriving community. Although it is presently unclear how big the town was before it was destroyed, archaeological excavations conducted by the University of Colorado under the auspices of the El Salvadoran Ministry of Culture have revealed an astonishing amount of detail of the working lives of the people who lived at Cerà ©n. Components of the village excavated so far include four households, one sweat bath, a civic building, a sanctuary, and agriculture fields. Negative impressions of agricultural crops, saved by the same flash-heat that preserved images at Pompeii and Herculaneum, included 8-16 row corn (Nal-Tel, to be exact), beans, squash, manioc, cotton, agave. Orchards of avocado, guava, cacao grew outside the doorways. Artifacts and Daily Life Artifacts recovered from the site are just what archaeologists love to see; the everyday  utilitarian wares that people used to cook in, to store food in, to drink chocolate from. The evidence for ceremonial and civic functions of the sweat bath, sanctuary, and feast hall is fascinating to read and think about. But really, the most spectacular thing about the site is the everyday normality of the people who lived there. For example, walk with me into one of the residential households at Cerà ©n. Household 1, for instance, is a cluster of four buildings, a midden, and a garden. One of the buildings is a residence; two rooms made of wattle and daub construction with a thatched roof and adobe columns as roof supports at the corners. An interior room has a raised bench; two storage jars, one containing cotton fibers and seeds; a spindle whorl is close by, suggestive of a thread-spinning kit. Structures at Cern One of the structures is a ramada- a low adobe platform with a roof but no walls- one is a storehouse, still filled with large storage jars, metates, incensarios, hammerstones and other tools of life. One of the structures is a kitchen; complete with shelves, and stocked with beans and other foods and domestic items; chile peppers hang from the rafters. While the people of Cerà ©n are long gone and site long abandoned, the excellent inter-disciplinary research and scientific reporting by the excavators, coupled with computer-generated visuals on the website, make the archaeological site of Cerà ©n an indelible image of life as it was lived 1400 years ago, before the volcano erupted. Sources Sheets, Payson (editor). 2002. Before the Volcano Erupted. Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Cerà ©n Village in Central America. University of Texas Press, Austin. Sheets P, Dixon C, Guerra M, and Blanford A. 2011. Manioc cultivation at Ceren, El Salvador: Occasional kitchen garden plant or staple crop? Ancient Mesoamerica 22(01):1-11.

How much of the emotion in the play comes from the relationship between Raleigh and Stanhope Essays

How much of the emotion in the play comes from the relationship between Raleigh and Stanhope Essays How much of the emotion in the play comes from the relationship between Raleigh and Stanhope Paper How much of the emotion in the play comes from the relationship between Raleigh and Stanhope Paper Essay Topic: Alice in Wonderland Literature Before the war, Raleigh and Stanhope had a strong relationship. Their families were friends, and Stanhope found a love interest in Raleighs sister. We learn that they were good friends when early on in the play Raleigh says to Osborne: Our fathers were friends and Dennis used to come and stay with us in the holidays. Of course, at school I didnt see much of him, but in the holidays we were terrific pals. The last time Raleigh saw Stanhope before the war was when Stanhope won a Military Cross, awarded to him for bravery. Stanhope was giving a talk to his old school, the same school that Raleigh attended. It was after this talk when Raleigh decided to enrol for the war. He pulled strings to get himself into the same company as Stanhope. Raleigh was able to do this because he had an uncle, who was the person in charge of sending different people to different companies. This is why he appears to be so excited about the war, because he is reunited with his close friend and role model Stanhope. He expresses his enthusiasm towards Stanhope when he says: Im awfully glad I got to your company, Stanhope. Stanhope on the other hand is not as enthusiastic towards the war. He has spent three years fighting, and seen many of his men die. He finds that the only way to cope is by drinking whisky. He is not the only other person who has been affected by the war; Sherriff puts this point across by showing what the war has done to the other officers. Osborne blocks out the horrors of the war by reading Alice in Wonderland, a childrens story which just keeps him occupied instead of letting him think about the war. He also engages in meaningless conversations before going to raid. We know this because before he and Raleigh make a dangerous raid he starts talking about pigs, which bear absolute no relevance to the war. At this point Raleigh is still enthusiastic, he just keeps on talking about the war. A group of officers drink champagne after Osborne has died, not out of celebration but to forget about what has just happened to their friend. They drink champagne because it is well known that champagne works quickly on the body. Stanhope drinks yet more alcohol at this point because he starts drinking whisky straight after the champagne. Stanhope is not a bad officer with drinking problems, and the reader knows this. The reader learns that despite his dependence on alcohol, Stanhope is a good officer for in reply to Hardys observation Poor old man. It must be pretty rotten for you, being his second in command, and you such a quiet, sober old thing. Osborne replies, Hes a long way the best company commander weve got. Throughout the play, Stanhopes qualities as a good leader begin to show more and more. We realise that he will not send men to do something that he himself would not do. We also realise that he will not tolerate cowards within his company, as he manages to keep Hibbert in the company, instead of letting him walk away from the war leaving his fellow men to die. At this point he in convincing Hibbert to stay, by telling him: Better die of pain than to be shot for deserting. Despite being a good officer, he is a changed man to what he was before the war began. His father is the vicar of the small town in which he lived. He was known before for how he would not tolerate people drinking alcohol, this is shown when Raleigh talks about how Stanhope to Osborne early on in the play: I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky He gave them a dozen each with a cricket stump. Now however he himself is a heavy drinker, and this information can get back to his hometown via letters from Raleigh. Therefore Stanhope is scared of being exposed and bringing shame to his family and to the woman he loves (Raleighs sister). Here he expresses his fear to Osborne, about what Raleigh may do: You know hell write and tell her that I reek of whisky all day. This fear of exposure is what is making Stanhope negative towards Raleighs presence. He knows he has a problem and that he will never be accepted back into his town if he is exposed, because the people there will not understand his problems, and that is why he has the sympathy of the audience. He admits his weakness to Osborne by saying: There were only two ways of breaking the strain. One was pretending I was ill and going home; the other was this. (He holds up his glass). Stanhope is so scared of what may be said about him, he actually attempts to censor Raleighs letters home, this only makes the audience more sympathetic because they can see how much he wants to remain a hero in his town, and to his love interest. Raleigh also has the sympathy of the audience, because he has joined the war and in particular this company thinking that it will be an adventure. Instead the reason that persuaded him to come, Stanhope, rejects Raleigh leaving him feeling sad and lonely. The audience can also relate to Raleigh because like him, they have no idea about the ugly things that occur during war. They realise he is vulnerable to all of these things, especially after Osborne dies. Osborne was the one person who Raleigh bonded with, he was fond of Raleigh from the first time they met, he comments, Hes a good-looking youngster. I like him. Stanhopes fear erects a barrier between himself and Raleigh. He does this by constantly rejecting Raleigh, an example is when Stanhope shouts at Raleigh, here he continues building the barrier by telling Raleigh not to refer to him as Dennis and by showing him who is boss: Dont Dennis me! Stanhopes my name! Youre not at school! Go and inspect your rifles! The barrier is made poignant because the audience and Stanhope know that everyone is going to die in the forth-coming raid. The audience learns this when Stanhope orders his men to wire both sides of the trench, allowing no escape an indication that they are going to fight until the last man. The audience may have also realised this because the title of the play is Journeys End showing that the journey of these men will come to an end. It is poignant because the audience know that Raleigh and Stanhope are best friends who will die together and who will not be able to cherish their last few days together because Stanhope is not allowing himself to get too close to Raleigh. The poignancy is increased as Raleigh remains excited at the fact that he has come to spend the rest of the war with Stanhope, little does he know that they will only have three days with each other, and those days will not be as memorable or as well spent as he could hope. It can be seen that Stanhope is actually trying to protect Raleigh but because he is unable he does not get too close to him. This barrier is broken down at the very end of the play, when Raleigh is hit during the attack by the Germans. It is Stanhope who breaks down all of the barriers, the same barriers that Raleigh has been seen trying to remove. They start using each others first names again because it has finally become apparent to Stanhope that Raleigh is dying, and cannot send home any information. Therefore Stanhope is willing to be friends with Raleigh, as he wants them to leave each other on good terms. This is from when Stanhope breaks down the barriers that he initially set: Its quite all right Jimmy. Therefore I can conclude that almost all of the emotion in the play comes from the relationship between Raleigh and Stanhope. The deaths of the other officers seem irrelevant when the play is finished, because of the tragedy, which is Raleighs death. Raleighs death is more tragic than most because he came to have a good time but he was miss-treated until the very end when all was made up, and he was also very young with many ambitions and didnt realise what he was letting himself in for by joining the war. The emotion also comes from the barrier set up by Stanhope because the audience can sense a tragic ending but do not want it to take place.

Getting a Teacher Certificate

Getting a Teacher Certificate As the TESOL teaching profession becomes more and more competitive, finding a good teaching job requires higher qualifications. In Europe, the TESOL teaching certificate is the base qualification. There are a number of different names for this teaching certificate including the TESL teaching certificate and TEFL teaching certificate. After that, teachers who are committed to the profession will usually go on to take the TESOL diploma. The TESOL Diploma is a full years course and is currently highly valued in Europe.    An Overview This main purpose of this diploma (besides, lets be honest, improving career qualifications) is to give the TESOL teacher a broad overview of the principal approaches to teaching and learning English. The course serves to raise the teachers consciousness as to what learning processes are taking place during  language acquisition and instruction. The basis is on an underlying teaching philosophy of Principled Eclecticism. In other words, no one method is taught as being correct. An inclusive approach is taken, giving each school of thought its due, while also examining its possible shortcomings. The objective of the diploma is to give the TESOL teacher the necessary tools to evaluate and apply different teaching methods to meet each students needs. Taking the Course The distance learning method has both its positive and negative side. There is a massive amount of information to get through and it takes quite a bit of self-discipline to complete the coursework effectively. Certain areas of study also seem to play a larger role than others. Thus, phonetics and phonology play a leading role in the makeup of the course (30% of modules and  ¼ of the exam), while other, more practical subjects such as reading and writing, play a relatively minor role. In general, the emphasis is on teaching and learning theory and not necessarily on the application of specific instruction methods. However, the practical part of the diploma does focus very specifically on teaching theory. Logistically, the support and help from Sheffield Hallam and the course directors at English Worldwide were excellent. The final intensive course of five days was essential for the successful completion of the course. This session was in many ways the most satisfying part of the course and served to unify all the various schools of thought studied, as well as providing practical exam writing practice. Advice Self-discipline and good pacing throughout the entire academic year are of absolute importance in order to deal with all the material presented.As the exam itself concentrates not on single areas of instruction, but rather to global issues, relate parts to the whole on a continuing basis.Get some kind of holiday break in before the final intensive week and exam preparation.   Other Experiences The following other articles and accounts of studying for various teaching certifications. A review of the i-to-i Online Tefl CertificateThe British Councils 404 TEFL Qualifications Guide

Strategic Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategic Analysis - Research Paper Example There are risks and advantages, however, to Google’s broad multinational presence related to the external business environment. Google’s target markets are broad due to the complexity of the business model that sustains multiple products and service catering to professional and household consumers. Google operates G-Mail, a webmail service with massive storage capabilities and accessibility to access G-Mail from virtually any mobile device (Google, 2012). Additionally, Google acquired YouTube, the social media service promoting user-generated video content, a service with 800 million different users domestically and internationally. Other products including cloud computing attract professionals in multiple industries while Adwords is targeted to consumers and business professionals alike. Google maintains mass market appeal in operating environments sustaining differing cultural preferences because the products and services the company provides are relevant to sustain the Web-based and software-based needs of diverse markets. However, to assess how customer markets impact business strategy development and operational direction, certain target markets can be deconstructed to better determine their impact on Google’s strategic direction. Google, for YouTube, had to develop its own segmentation strategy rather than following established marketing models. This is due to the fact that YouTube maintains 800 million users daily, making it nearly impossible to establish a singular, homogenous segmentation and targeting model. This segmentation strategy is based on behavior, taking into consideration important factors regarding the tangible purpose of patronage at YouTube, including for entertainment purposes, for education, for music appreciation, or for simply watching television (MSMR, 2010). Having such a massive, geographically-dispersed set of consumers with varying needs creates a

PhD research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PhD research proposal - Essay Example common in most communications resulting to children whose parents use English as a second language communicating to them while young in both English and their primary language. This case is common among most Arabic children in Britain who are able to communicate in both Arabic and English languages effectively. After a thorough search at the literature, especially the one discussing issues related to interaction between first and second languages, it has been observed that most of these studies point to the effect of the first language on a second language, in terms of; phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax and many other aspects of linguistics, but there have been much fewer studies done on the effect of a second language on the first one with respect to phonology in bilingual children. This provides a perfect opportunity to analyse the impact of a second language on the phonological skills of the first language in bilingual children. On an anecdotal level, I have seen that some Arabic-English bilingual children’s mother tongue, which is Arabic, is affected phonologically by English which they learn at school. Children gradually lose the right pronunciation of unshared sounds in their first language, as a result, of the interaction between the two languages they master. This study proposes two hypotheses: 1- The phonological characteristics of children’s second language will affect their pronunciation of unshared sounds in their first language, in the same way; the first language influences a second language. Numerous studies have examined the issue of phonological interaction in children, especially in cases where children are taught to communicate in more than one language (Goldstein, 2004). Some of these studies are listed in the reference section of this proposal. This study will examine previous studies on this topic and hence develop a gap analysis that will culminate to the development of a problem statement. Currently, this study is fully aware

Auto Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Auto - Term Paper Example The â€Å"Big Three† of the auto industry are known as Ford, Chevy and Chrysler. The Big Three are shadowed by smaller auto companies such as Toyota and Nissan. These auto companies together make up the auto industry. The auto industry is one of the largest job providers since it provides over one million jobs in the United States. In November of 2010 the auto industry provided over 700,000 jobs (Linebaugh2010). It takes a strong industry to be able to provide that many jobs. An industry of that size is dependent on being organized in a manner that allows managers and CEO’s the resources needed to make strong business decisions. Events Leading Up To a Struggling Auto Industry Many factors played a role in allowing the auto industry to decline into its current position. In 2008 gas prices jumped to over $4.00 a gallon for most of the United States (U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics2011). The rise in gas prices nearly halted the production of vehicles that got terrible gas mileage. Many Diesels, SUV’s and large Trucks were no longer popular. Many just could not afford to use the vehicles because of the price of gas. Smaller options better on gas mileage were a new trend. Since the vehicles were not being sold, there was less of a need to manufacture the vehicles. Less manufacturing meant for less income and decisions to slow and shut down many manufacturing facilities. Globalization has allowed the auto industry to target markets throughout the whole world and not just the United States. The auto industry was more focused on setting up manufacturing facilities in other parts of the world and somewhat neglecting issues that were happening in their home country. Many are upset about allowing jobs to go oversees and will not even buy new vehicles from the auto makers. Decisions made to globalize the auto industry have put a damper on U.S. sales, jobs and reputation. This type of damage takes a lot of re organizing in order to return to a happy medium where business can boom and customers are satisfied. Current Situation of the Auto Industry, What went wrong? The current situation of the auto industry is somewhat of a mess. Stocks for the auto industry have declined, auto makers have filed bankruptcy and production has been drastically reduced. Chrysler which is one of the big three auto makers filed for bankruptcy in April of 2009 (Isodore2009). This bankruptcy was a final attempt to try and save the auto maker. Even after receiving a large bail out from the government, Chrysler was still unable to clear its deficit. Chrysler is not the only company caught up the mess of the auto industry. Bad manufacturing by Toyota has caused for those in authority positions to be forced to rethink ethical decisions about the quality of vehicles manufactured. Toyota had over 100 issues of vehicles causing accidents by the gas pedals getting stuck. This type of problem has reduced sales and could have been prevented by being better orga nized in Toyotas safety department. It is apparent that being better organized and prepared for rising gas prices and a decline in sales could have stopped the hurt of the situation that the auto makers are currently in. Being better prepared could have reduced the need for a government bailout. It would have been in the auto maker’s best interest to address the issue at the first sight of declining sales rather than pretending as if the fallout was not going to happen. Prevention would have lessened the impact on the rest

Wage systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wage systems - Essay Example Many factors can be identified as wage determinants. They can be selected in the following groups: economic, social, phycological and institutional. In this essay I will stick to the economic determinants: Measuring two-tier system and concession system using the first etalon, a company's ability to pay, I must say that these two systems have different assignation. The concession bargaining system was widely used in 1980s and trade unions often agreed with wage cuts because companies were not able to pay full wage and at the same time wanted to keep their employees, as it is written in the review of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1997): "The concession bargaining which has occured in several years is an illustration of the recognition by both firms and unions of the link between costs, and thus prices, and output and employment" (http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/19/60/2080431.pdf) . The concession system lost its popularity and influence in 90s when unions understood that company's were again able to pay then they did. The two-tier wage system appeared to reconcile management and employees in a struggle for higher salary, it sacrificed new employees in order to make happy experienced employees. That was done to keep anticipated productivity. "The two-tier structure permits hiring of new workers at significantly lower wages and benefits, compared to those of the regular work force. It will be worth countless millions of dollars to employers in coming years." (http://www.laboreducator.org/twotierpay.pdf) Thus companies' management benefited as wage increase was offset by rising level of productivity and at the same time newcomers didn't receive equal payments. So the concession system and the two-tier system are assigned for different situations. The concession system can help to rise general company's ability to pay", while the two-tier system is primarily designed to meet expectations of experienced employees.The willingness to pay is also an important factor for comparison of the two-tier and concession systems. "Except in the most extraordinary circumstances, there is no acceptable reason for a union to bargain concessions. In t he case of a business that is profitable, there is absolutely no reason for concession bargaining. The results of concession bargaining over the last two decades should stand as proof that concessions do not benefit workers." (http://www.ufcw.net/articles/Toolkit/concession_bargaining-01.html) The concession system doesn't enforce the willingness of a company management to pay as it put restrictions on level of wages.The two-tier system stimulates management to attract experienced employees on the company's side in the bargaining process with new employees, thus this system increases a company's the willingness to pay. Though the willingness is largely a measure of equal distribution and fair competing process in the marketplace. The concession system grants to a company a chance to determine a level of wage that will be considered fair, thus decreasing level of employees' participation in distribution of a company's income. The two-tier system controls fair distribution only for experienced workers while newcomers are treated unfairly.) Although employers have to track wage market in terms

A Role for Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A Role for Theory - Research Paper Example Theory therefore has become the basis of further advanced learning. The group theory perspective is one important idea that could help explain public-policy origination, implementation and/or execution. At some point, this covers elemental ideas that could help explain the preferences of certain political parties (Simon, 2010, p.24). As observed, people when come into a group would usually create strong political power. In fact, when there is consensus over everything, power or voices of the majority usually prevails. More about these ideas are actually emphasized in detail through the group theory perspective. Therefore, it is important that even though theory would not become the basis of the actual truth, it could stand as a significant framework prior to the discovery of more advanced form of learning. Theory therefore could either be proven or should become the basis of improving higher form of knowledge or ideas on certain things. In the case of group theory together with its p erspectives, it is clear that it has become the basis and even stepping stone to leapfrog in the field of public policy origination, implementation and/or execution. Group theory is composed of theoretical models of group behavior which one could use to predict the kind or level of policy creation or implementation needed (Smith, 2007, p.6). In other words, with group theory one would have the chance to picture out certain group behavioral models so as to provide substantial reduction of complexity in understanding group behaviors. After all, policy creation and implementation relied on certain things and these include group reaction or its level of response. I believe that generally public policy theories have a role to play in the daily lives of policy practitioners as these would supplement their understanding of the policy-making activities aside from actual

Writing is an Art Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Writing is an Art Form - Essay Example Writers on the other hand, those who create art that challenges the imagination and visual capacity of our brains, continue to languish in the background as little celebrated forms of art. That is a reality that most writers have come to accept even while considering that writing as an art form is almost as old as time itself. The hieroglyphs in the ancient Egyptian tombs were proven to actually be an ancient form of hand writing, the Dead Sea Scrolls and other books that make up the Bible, were written by hand in a language understandable to those of its time. These are artifacts that archeologists and social experts consider to be an ancient form of art with one significant thing in common, these were all done by hand in the most intricate form of writing possible. That type of writing art form is known as Calligraphy and yes, it is considered an art form in our modern times. Those who disagree with calling writing an art form do so on the basis that writing is something that they view more as a skill rather than an art. They argue that writing is something that can be learned in school, taught in creative writing classes, and practiced or improved upon. It is their belief that writing is more of a general purpose concept that provides a utilitarian purpose rather than an artistic one. ( For and Against â€Å"Writing is Really an Art Form†) ... It does not spoon feed the minds of its readers / viewers. It begs the person to go beyond what he can see and instead, analyze what the written word is making him see, hear, and feel. That is the true magic that can only be experienced by someone who is truly an artistic writer. Writing, just like any other art form requires a tremendous amount of training, patience, and education. Just as painters go to art school and photographers go to photography school, writers go to journalism or creative writing school in order to further understand their craft. While painters learn about how the strokes of their brushes and the combination of colors on their canvass creates a picture for the viewers, writers learn that the stroke of a pen and the stringing together of just the right words can transport their readers into another place and time just as a painting would. Photographers observe the world around them and take a visual picture of what they observe to be the good and bad, the beaut iful and the ugly about their surroundings. Writers on the other hand, creatively portray the situation around them, challenging their readers to decide for themselves if the picture as portrayed in words truly does justice to what their mind can see. That is what art is all about. Be it by paint brush, camera lens, or stroke of a pen, or a tap on the keyboard, these people bring their emotions to the front of their work by stirring the same emotions in their viewers and readers. This is a far more difficult task when done in the form of writing as a writer must use a perfect balance of descriptive words to bring his emotions to light. Whereas a painter or photographer merely recreates his emotions using actual materials or things in

A Role for Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A Role for Theory - Research Paper Example Theory therefore has become the basis of further advanced learning. The group theory perspective is one important idea that could help explain public-policy origination, implementation and/or execution. At some point, this covers elemental ideas that could help explain the preferences of certain political parties (Simon, 2010, p.24). As observed, people when come into a group would usually create strong political power. In fact, when there is consensus over everything, power or voices of the majority usually prevails. More about these ideas are actually emphasized in detail through the group theory perspective. Therefore, it is important that even though theory would not become the basis of the actual truth, it could stand as a significant framework prior to the discovery of more advanced form of learning. Theory therefore could either be proven or should become the basis of improving higher form of knowledge or ideas on certain things. In the case of group theory together with its p erspectives, it is clear that it has become the basis and even stepping stone to leapfrog in the field of public policy origination, implementation and/or execution. Group theory is composed of theoretical models of group behavior which one could use to predict the kind or level of policy creation or implementation needed (Smith, 2007, p.6). In other words, with group theory one would have the chance to picture out certain group behavioral models so as to provide substantial reduction of complexity in understanding group behaviors. After all, policy creation and implementation relied on certain things and these include group reaction or its level of response. I believe that generally public policy theories have a role to play in the daily lives of policy practitioners as these would supplement their understanding of the policy-making activities aside from actual

Confederation and Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Confederation and Constitution - Essay Example The benefits of the Articles of Confederation including the signing of an alliance between the United States and France in 1778. The American Revolution succeed due to the unity that existed between the States. The government successfully negotiated to end the American Revolution. The Articles of Confederation facilitated the formation of an organized government that allowed inhabitants to roam freely in all the states. It played a crucial role given that it was formulated at a time when the States had no agreement. Most people were skeptical about the formation of a central government because the unfair treatment by the British was still fresh in their memories. The Articles of Confederation had a unicameral system of government in which Congress was the only branch of government. On the contrary, the U.S. Constitution has three branches of government, which include the legislative, executive, and the judiciary. Every branch of government is independent. The Executive is mandated to carry out the law; the legislative makes the law, and the judiciary interprets the law. Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had powers to declare war, negotiate peace, handle foreign affairs, borrow money, manage the monetary system, settle disputes between states, create a navy and build an army by asking for troops from the different states. The U.S. Constitution gave the National Government more powers. In the U.S. Constitution, the central government has is mandated to collect taxes, handle foreign affairs, raise and maintain an army.

American History X Essay Example for Free

American History X Essay American History X is a film that centered on two brothers and how their lives changed when their father died. The story revolved around discrimination and racism. But most importantly, the movie emphasized the capability of an individual to change. The main character, Derek Vinyard, transformed into a racist when his father died â€Å"in the line of duty by a minority† and when he killed two black men who tried to rob him. Before he entered prison, Derek had already a preconceived notion that Blacks were menace to the society and that the Whites were the superior race. However, inside the penal complex, he found out that â€Å"there is good and bad in every race. † So to prevent his younger brother, Danny, from committing the same mistakes, Derek encouraged him to be open-minded and disregard all the things that were inculcated to him when they were members of the Neo-Nazi group (IMDb). This movie was able to show three sociological concepts namely: differential association, racism and social inequality. Differential association is a learning theory which focused on the processes by which individuals come to commit criminal acts (Hamlin). In the film, this was shown when Derek joined the neo-Nazi group; he started to adapt a more delinquent lifestyle like thrashing the local grocery store. Meanwhile, racism is defined as the idea that race sets the difference in the personality or competency of an individual which results to some race being better than the others (Eckert). This concept was portrayed when Seth and Danny were having a conversation. Seth asked Danny who he hated and Danny replied, â€Å"I hate anyone that isnt white Protestant. Theyre a burden to the advancement of the white race† (Kaye). Lastly would be social inequality which refers to the â€Å"ways in which socially-defined categories of persons (according to characteristics such as gender, age, ‘class’ and ethnicity) are differentially positioned with regard to access to a variety of social ‘goods’ like education† (Centre for East European Language-Based Area Studies). In the movie, this was represented when two Black guys were trying to steal Derek’s truck. This shows how some races are well off than the others because they have better jobs, houses and benefits. I think American History X is an eye-opening film about the presence of discrimination, prejudice and hatred in the society due to difference in race. More so, the movie tried to relay the message that delinquency is learned and it can be unlearned if an individual is put in a better environment. When Derek went to prison, he realized that race was not a major issue that separated one individual from another; it was more on how a person presented himself/herself to a group. In the end, it would always be every man for himself in this dog eat dog world. Works Cited â€Å"American History X. † 2009. IMDb. 28 May 2009 http://www.imdb. com/title/tt0120586/plotsummary American History X. Dir. Tony Kaye. New Line Cinema, 1999. â€Å"New Dimensions of Social Inequality? † n. d. Centre for East European Language-Based Area Studies. 28 May 2009 http://www. ceelbas. ac. uk/research/socialinequality Eckert, Susan. â€Å"What is Racism, Prejudice, Discrimination, Bias, and Xenophobia? 7 December 2007. Suite101. com. 28 May 2009 http://racism. suite101. com/article. cfm/definition_of_racism_other_terms Hamlin, John. â€Å"Differential Association Theory. † March 2006. University of Minnesota Duluth. 28 May 2009 http://www. d. umn. edu/~jhamlin1/sutherland. html

Lighvan Cheese: Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties

Lighvan Cheese: Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties Physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Lighvan cheese fortified with Protulaca Oleracea seed oil Majid Keyvani, Marzieh Bolandi Abstract Cheese has high nutritional value in human health although is naturally poor in essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids revealed crucial roles in nutritional diet and have been suggested as disease prevention agent. Protulaca Oleracea (purslane) has considerable amounts of omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids as well as magnesium, potassium and vitamin C. The aim of this study is production and characterization of Lighvan cheese fortified with Protulaca Oleracea seed oil. Results indicated that increasing of Protulaca Oleracea seed oil caused significant increased omega 3, 6 and 9 concentration in cheese (p0.05). Lighvan cheese containing 2.5% Protulaca Oleracea (purslane) seed oil showed the highest sensory attributes. Key words: Omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids, Lighvan cheese, Protulaca Oleracea seed oil, Fortification Introduction Cheese is the dairy product which has been considered as important food as a point of nutritional value. Cheese has been produced by traditional procedures since past years ago in Iran. Lighvan cheese, the semi-hard cheese, is the most popular traditional cheese made from raw sheep’s milk in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Lighavan cheese is characterized by high taste acceptability and considerable amounts of proteins especially casein which is beneficial for indigestion disease [1] but it is naturally poor in essential fatty acids. A large body of scientific reports suggests that high essential fatty acids dietary intake associated with health and reductions in cardiovascular diseases. Protucala Oleracea is an herb, known as purslane, which has considerable amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids. Purslane has been considered as rich sources of antioxidants, Vitamin A,B,C and E, beta carotene and essential amino acids as well as minerals such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron [5,8]. Fatty acid composition of purslane contains palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1 n9c), linoleic acid (C18:2 n6c) and ÃŽ ±-linoleic acid (C18:3 n3). ÃŽ ±-Linolenic acid is an ω3 fatty acid that is essential in the human diet as a precursor for the synthesis of longer chain fatty acids and the prostaglandin group of mammalian hormones. Oil seeds such as brassica, flax and soya are main sources of linoleic acid and particularly purslane seed contains considerable amounts of linoleic acids [10]. There are several reports in the literature corresponding to the health effects of omega 3 fatty acids on cholesterol reduction, arthritis treatment, mental depr ession therapy , burns healing and prevention of cancer cells growth[3]. Studies on omega 3 fortification of dairy products using fish oil have been found in the literature. However, the major problem with this kind of fortification is unacceptable sensory properties. The objectives of this study are i) to formulate of Lighvan cheese with purslane oil extract and ii) to study the effects of purslane fortification on characteristics of Lighvan cheese. Materials and Methods Materials Sheep milk was provided from Almalo village, Sahandabad county, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Composition of sheep milk was 7.1% fat, 5.7% protein and 18.2% [M1]total solids. Renin was purchased from Mitoy company, Japan and salt was purchased from Pars Kaveh company, Iran. Purslane seeds provided from Mashhad traditional market and oil was extracted by cold press method. Cheese preparation About 24 kilograms of sheep milk were hygienically filtered at 30  °C and then divided into four portions in steel containers. Purslane seed oil was mixed with sheep milk at three ratio of 1:5, 2:5 and 3:5 using Blender (MJ-176NR, National, Japan). Then rennet was added to sheep milk in order to curd formation after one hour. The curds were pressed in textile filter in order to separate whey. The curds were then cut longitudinally and transversally and pressed again to remove residue whey. The curds were moulded and placed in 15% salt brine after 3 hours. Finally, the moulded curds salted and stored in 11% salt brine at 8 ±2  °C for 3 months for ripening. Physicochemical analysis Physicochemical properties of cheese samples evaluated according to the national standards of cheese including number 1753 for total solids determination, number 2852 for pH and acidity determination, number 760 for fat determination and number 1811 for protein determination[M2]. Fatty acid composition Fatty acid composition of purslane oil and fortified cheese analyzed using gas chromatography[M3]. YL Model6100 GC equipped with flame ionization detector was used. Characterization of capillary column (TR-CN100) was with 0.2 micrometer internal diameter, 0.25 micrometer thin coating and 30 meter length at 80 to 200 ° C temperature. The GC was operated with helium carrier gas with 99.99% purity. Sensory properties The sensory quality of cheese sample was evaluated by a 15 member panelist group who were skilled with quality attributes of food products. Panelists scored for sensory characteristics including color, odor, texture, internal and external appearance using a five point hedonic scale (1; very bad to 5; excellent). Statistical analysis The means of treatments were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level using SPSS 16 software. Sensory results were analyzed using nonparametric Fridman test at 0.05 significant levels. All analysis was performed at three replications. Results and Discussion Effects of purslane seed oil on physicochemical properties: The results of physicochemical analysis were shown in Table 1. The results indicated that the efficiency of cheese making increased as purslane oil concentration increased. The efficiency of cheese making depends on milk type, fat content, total solid (milk density), milk temperature (temperature of inoculation), the amount of rennet, rennet coagulation capacity, removed whey content, molding pressure and salting. Table 1: Cheese making efficiency[M4] Cheese + 3.5% PO Cheese + 2.5% PO Cheese + 1.5% PO1 Control Treatments 39.33% 37.33% 36.83% 34.83% Efficiency 1: purslane oil There is no significant difference (p>0.05) between pH and acidity of samples due to purslane oil addition however, the significant reduction in pH and acidity after aging process was observed (p Table 2: pH and acidity of cheese samples Values are recorded as mean  ± standard deviation Means followed by different superscripts in each column are significantly different (p The results of moisture, fat, salt and protein contents of cheese samples were shown in Table 3. The results revealed that the highest fat content related to cheese containing 3.5% purslane oil. The more purslane oil concentration caused significant more fat content (p0.05) [7]. Salt concentration in brine and consequent osmotic pressure caused penetration of salt into cheese and resulted in equilibrium which led to moisture loss during aging [2]. Results showed that moisture content of fortified cheese with purslane oil decreased before aging as purslane oil increased, however there is no significant difference between moisture content of cheese containing 1.5 and 2.5% purslane oil (p>0.05) . In fact, increasing of fat content resulted in more fat in dry matter and subsequent less moisture content which led to reduced lipolysis [7]. Previous studies revealed that moisture content didn’t substituted as much as reduced fat in low fat cheese [9]. Salt content of samples decreased as purslane oil increased which can explained by preventing role of purslane oil from penetration of salt into cheese structure. In fact, fat globules fasten capillary structure and extend penetration duration so cheese contained more fat content needs more time for salt diffusion into cheese [6]. Salt content of cheese increased during aging because of cheese curds storing in salt brine [2]. Protein content of cheese decreased significantly (p Table 3: Chemical properties of cheese samples Values are recorded as mean  ± standard deviation Means followed by different superscripts in each column are significantly different (p Gas chromatography The results of gas chromatography were shown in Table 4. The considerable amounts of omega fatty acids especially omega-3 fatty acids in purslane oil was observed and the omega-6 to omega-3 ration calculated as 1.5 which is an ideal ratio. Table 3: GC results of purslane oil[M5] The results indicated that purslane oil addition caused significant increase in omega 3, 6 and 9 (p Table 5: Omega fatty acids of cheese samples Values are recorded as mean  ± standard deviation Means followed by different superscripts in each column are significantly different (p Sensory properties Sensory assessment of cheese fortified with purslane oil is presented in Figure1. The panelists marked the lowest scores of flavor, aroma and appearance (color) for cheese containing 3.5% purslane oil and the cheese contained 3.5% purslane oil obtained the lowest total acceptability score. Porous structure is texture characteristic of Lighvan cheese. Different aroma is the other characteristic of Lighvan cheese which is related to sheep milk and microorganisms activity. It was expected that purslane oil covered the special aroma of Lighvan cheese because of distinct odor of purslane oil. The panelist distinguish particular aroma of purslane oil only at 3.5% concentration level. The individual flavor is another characteristic of Lighvan cheese which is correlated to sheep milk and bacteria activity. Purslane oil affected flavor of Lighvan cheese especially at 3.5% concentration level. The fortified cheese contained 3.5% purslane oil seemed darker than the other treatments. Figure 1: Sensory properties of cheese samples Conclusion This study exhibited the possibility of purslane oil as omega essential fatty acid source in traditional Lighvan cheese formulation without undesirable altering of physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Purslane seed oil could enrich omega-3, 6 and 9 fatty acids content of cheese considerably. Increasing of pursiline oil in formulation lead to increased omega fatty acid content although cheese contained 3.5% purslane oil didn’t obtain acceptable sensory characteristics and 2.5% purslane oil concentration showed better organoleptic properties. [M6] References Aminifar, M.Hamedi, M.Emamjomeh, Z.mehdinia,A. 2010. Microstructural , Compositional And Textural Properties During Ripening Of Lighvan Cheese, A Traditional Raw Sheep Cheese. Journal of Texture Studies 41 (2010) 579–593. Azcona, J.O.Garcia, P.T,Cossu, M.E.Iglesias, B.F.Picallo, A.Perez, C.Gallinger, C.I. Schang ,M.J.Cane,Z.E.t. 2008. Meat quality of Argentinean â€Å"Camperos† chicken enhanced in omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acids.Meat Science, 79 :437–443 Brunner, J.R.1981. Cow milk proteins: Twenty five years of progress.J. Dairy Sci.64:1038-1050 De Lorgwril, M., Salen, P., Laporte, F. and Delriris, j. (2001). Alpha-linolenic acid in prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. European Heart Journal Supplement 3(4):26-32 Gà ¶sta Bylund, M.Sc.1995. Dairy processing handbook. Tetra Pak. 8,320 Ghotbi, M. Soleymanian zade, S. sheikh zeyneddin, M. 2010. Identification of L. pentosus, L. paraplantarum and L. plantarum in Lighvan cheese, Research Journal of Food Science and Technology of Iran 6 (2): 145-148 Kavas, G. Oysun,G. Kinik, O.Vysal, H. 2004. Effects of some fat replacer on chemical, physical and sensory attributes of low-fat white pickled cheese. Food Chemistry, 88:381-388 Rubatzky, E. V. and Yamagughi, M. (1997). World Vegetables:Principles, Production and Nutritive Values. Chaman Hall, 834 pp. Rudan, MA.Barbano, DM.Yun, JJ. Kindstedt, PS.1999. Effect of fat content reduction on chemical composition, proteolysis, functionality, and yield of Mozzarella. J Dairy Sci, 82: 661-672 Salunkhe, D, K. and Kadam, S, S. (1998). Handbook of Vegetable Science and Technology. Marcel Deker, INC. 727 PP. [M1]include detail of the method of milk analysis [M2]Include appropriate international standard with a reference [M3]Include detail of analysis and reference [M4]How making efficiency was determined [M5]All the oil transfer to the oil Calculate it [M6]Conflict of interest should be included Cubism Artists: Pablo Picasso and George Braque Cubism Artists: Pablo Picasso and George Braque In Paris around 1907, Pablo Picasso and George Braque broke away from centuries of traditional western art. The single viewpoint had been exhausted, it was cast aside. A new analytical system was put in its place. They revitalized the way they worked by re engaging with expressive energetic art from lost cultures (especially African art). This was refreshing as religion and superficial extravagance were not part of this movement. Paul Gauguin, the French impressionist, probably had a lot do with this. His work was heavily influenced by the native culture of Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands. By viewing a subject from many angles it created this cubist effect. Almost like the image itself were living and moving. Pre 20th century, most paintings had always been still and flat, granted many were incredibly life like but they were lacking in energy. Influential French art critique Louis Vauxcelles attributed the terms Fauvism (1905) and Cubism (1908).He described cubism as a geometric simplification of natural shapes and images. Upon seeing one of Braques paintings he said, M.Braque scorns form and reduces everything, sites, figures and Roman houses in geometric diagrams, to cubes U. Apollonio, Materializing Space, in Braque, P. 4. Cubists wanted to create pictures that went beyond geometry or perspective. The idea of relativity the notion of movement on a flat surface was introduced. Artist fused both their observations and memories into the one image. But in order to do this the Cubists examined the way that we see. Artists were free from the use of perspective and accuracy. Tonal range and lighting was no longer heavily relied on but the representation of natural and fake textures made a lot of cubist art works appear tactile even though the surface of the canvas remained flat. Unlike the abstract artists of the same period, the aim was not to create an image without a distinct form, but to create a completely new way to represent images figuratively and realistically. In the beginning there were many very simple images of subject matter being used e.g. someone silting alone in an empty room with a window and the glimpse of an industrial landscape outside. But, as more boundaries were crossed and the classical styles of representation seemed but a distant memory away, mixed media started to take form in many of the cubists paintings. The importance of connecting reality to their paintings opened up a completely different way in which to connect with art. And as a result this heavily influenced many other artists and their styles, today this style has made a huge impact within the art world and advertising and we see this on a day to day basis. Cà ©zannes later works and tribal African art greatly influenced Braque and Picasso. A lot of tribal art appeared to be very stiff but they had such iconic faces. They were misleadingly flat to look at head on but if you looked at them from the side they were both curved and angular. During the far more analytical period of cubism we see a change in how shape is exposed. We begin to find shapes within shapes of all different sizes, textures and colours. Take Picassos Les Demoiselles dAvignon 1907 (MoMa) generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This sarcastic representation of the female nude depicts a group of nudes in various poses. Some of the sharp disjointed angular faces look like tribal masks; this gives the nudes a feeling of masculinity rather than conventionally looking feminine. This reinvention of the nude is created without ordinary perspective but the picture does not look flat. On the contrary the angles, curves, lines and the sparing use of flesh tones thought the painting still allow you to see through all the shapes and into the picture itself. The several alternate angles on top of one another do confuse the eye somewhat. Picasso termed this as an indulgence of colour, using but a small range of colours, and only slight tonal shifts. Around 1912 people began to think that Braque and Picassos style was becoming predictable and all of their work was becoming too similar, so much so that more often than not, people couldnt tell their work apart from one another. They were becoming increasingly more abstract and the subject was lost to the eye. In an attempt to step back from the severe abstract paintings Picasso began to use more mixed media. He took images from the real world and pasted them in to his work. His painting Still Life with Chair Caning 1912 (Musà ©e Picasso, Paris) was the first example of this collage technique. A lot of Picassos paintings already embodied this effect of collage He used different types paint and medium instead of mixed media. Thus for himself and other artists the second phase of the Cubist style was born: Synthetic Cubism had begun and the analytical phase was over. The terms Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism were popularized by Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (1902-1981) in his books on Cubism and Picasso. Alfred Barr was the first director of the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Synthetic Cubism embodied a lot of repetition and the overlaying and overlapping of shapes and colours creating a more geometrically simplified and flatter image. Synthetic cubism was very different from analytical, it was colourful and more direct, even though the work sometimes appeared more abstract. The geometric way of thinking had now been replaced by freehand, patterns, lines, textures, shading and colour, all used in a variety of different ways, were rather rhythmic as they danced around the canvas. Paper was used as an alternative to paint and real scores of music replaced hand drawn notation. Anything you could find from newspaper, advertisements and packaging to everyday products that we use were either directly pasted or painted onto canvas. This was considered the first form of Pop Art. Braque confesses when we did Cubism, we had no intention of Cubism, but to express what was in us. Even though Picasso and Braque are so alike what unites them is less important than what divides them. Who was to Blame for Wounded Knee? Who was to Blame for Wounded Knee? Who was to blame for Wounded Knee? On that terrible day, December 29, 1890, a little gun conflict sparked the saddest event in Indian history. The veterans of the 7th cavalry were blinded by excitement. Warriors, squaws, children, dogs or even friendly soldiers all went down alike before the flailing fire. An infant dropped onto the ground from its mother embrace as the gushing blood from her lung’s bullet wound splashed across its innocent face. Even after the commotion ended, the soldiers called out to survivors promising them safety. The moment a boy came out of his hideout, he was butchered by bullets from over ten men. 250 unarmed Indians were killed mercilessly. That day, there was no battle or honor, only a shameful massacre at the Wounded Knee. Those to blame for the massacre were The US government for their indifference as well as bias toward the cavalry’s action, the 7th cavalry for their cruelty and Colonel James W. Forsyth for his commands as well as placement of troops. To begin with, the US government and the 7th cavalry had no right to interfere with the Indian. There was a treaty protecting these Indians. Even though the government used the Ghost dance as a reason, the Ghost dance was less like a solid reason and more like an excuse to send troops into the reservation First, consider treaty of Fort Laramie. The Treaty of Fort Laramieor theSioux Treaty of 1868 was an agreement between the  United Statesand the  Miniconjou, Oglala, and  Brulà ©Ã‚  bands of  Lakota people signed on April 29, 1868 at  Fort Laramie  in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing the Lakota ownership of the  Black Hills, as well as hunting rights and further land in  South Dakota,  Montana, and  Wyoming. The  Powder River Countryor the reservation area as a whole was to be â€Å"closed to all whites†. Pine Ridge reservation was part of the treaty promised Indian land. The 7th cavalry intercepted  Spotted Elks band of  Miniconjou Lakota and Hunkpapa  Lakota near  Porcupine Butte  and forced them to move to Wounded Knee Creek. Both Porcupine Butte and Wounded knee creek were in Pine Ridge reservation. Hence, the 7th cavalry was violating the treaty statement that the land would be â€Å"closed to all whites† Consider the US government and the 7th Cavalry excuses that the Ghost dance could cause troubles and uprising. The Paiute prophet Wovoka simply used Ghost Dance as a dream in which the Indians could dwell in. They danced and experienced visions of loved ones returning, , of their ancestors and of the buffalo that once thrive but now no more in the plains, and of the disappearance of oppressive whites. The Ghost Shirts were believed by some to deflect the bullets of the whites, but most danced because they dreamt of renewal and an end to the reservation system. The Ghost Dance doubtlessly frightened many whites in the region, and created many rumors. However, there were no incidents of raiding outside the newly established reservation boundaries; The U.S. governments response by sending over half the entire U.S. Army to the reservations including the 7th cavalry was without doubt groundless and unjustified. Next, the 7th cavalry’s and Colonel James W. Forsyth’s intentions were clearly not peaceful. While there was conflict and tension during the event prelude to the massacre, the soldiers were well trained and prepared for necessary retaliation. However, evidence pointed out that they over-retaliated on purpose. The supporting evidences were that the 7th cavalry was scarred by Indian force before, the placement of Hotchkiss guns was for mass-murder and the battle was initiated in close range Consider the background of the 7th cavalry; in 1873 the 7th Cavalry moved its garrison post to  Fort Abraham Lincoln,  Dakota Territory. Lieutenant Colonel  George A. Custerwas killed at the  Battle of the Little Bighorn  on 25 June 1876 with 211 men of the 7th Cavalry. The Nebraska State Journal on December 10, 1890, under the headline The Redskins RetreatWar Cloud Grows Darker, claimed that the Seventh Cavalry was fairly itching for a fight. These are the same Indians who mercilessly shot down the gallant Custer and 300 of the Seventh Cavalry on that memorable day of June 25, 1876 and it is safe to say the Sioux will receive no quarter from this famous regiment should an opportunity occur to wreak out vengeance for the blood taken at the battle of the Little Big Horn. The 7th cavalry was obviously setting the scene for the battle. Troopers escorted the Lakota about five miles westward from the original open plain to harder to escape fromWounded Knee Creek where they made camp. Later that evening, Col.James W. Forsyth  and the rest of the  7th Cavalry  arrived, bringing the number of troopers at Wounded Knee to 500. In contrast, there were 350 Indians: 230 men and 120 women and children. The troopers surrounded Spotted Elks encampment and set up four rapid-fire Hotchkiss-designed  M1875 Mountain Guns. The guns were placed on higher spot in all directions to guarantee that no Indian would escape from Wounded Knee creek. After the battle initiated, it was fought at close range; fully half the Indian men were killed or wounded before they had a chance to get off any shots. Some of the Indians grabbed rifles they had been hiding and opened fire on the soldiers. With no cover, and with many of the Lakota unarmed, this phase of the fighting lasted a few minutes at most. While the Indian warriors and soldiers were shooting at close range, other soldiers used the Hotchkiss guns against Black Elk  (1863–1950); medicine man, Oglala Lakota: I did not know then how much was ended. When I look back now from this high hill of my old age, I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch as plain as when I saw them with eyes young. And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud, and was buried in the blizzard. A peoples dream died there. It was a beautiful dreams the nations hope is broken and scattered. There is no center any longer, and the sacred tree is dead.[25] Finally, the US government and Forsyth openly supported the inhumane action of 7th cavalry. James w. Forsyth praised the massacre as a success. The US government awarded the men of 7th cavalry with Medal of Honor and the promotion of James W. Forsyth. The Indian war came to an end. The massacre was also praised by public. Perhaps, many white people at that time were also to be blame for the massacre. Colonel Forsyth was oblivious to any problem. His report, written on New Years Eve, expressed his admiration for the gallant conduct of my command in an engagement with a band of Indians in desperate condition, and crazed by religious fanaticism. The secretary of war evidently agreed with Forsyth, and Forsyth was reinstated, later rising to the rank of major general. U.S. approval of the action was further emphasized by awards of the Medal of Honor to three officers and fifteen enlisted men for their heroism at the Battle of Wounded Knee Creek. The American publics reaction to the battle at the time was generally favorable. Many non-Lakota living near the reservations interpreted the battle as the defeat of a murderous  cult; others confused  Ghost Dancers  with Native Americans in general. In an editorial response to the event, the young newspaper editor  L. Frank Baum, later the author of  The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, wrote in theAberdeen Saturday Pioneeron January 3, 1891: The Pioneer has before declared that our only safety depends upon the total extermination of the Indians. Having wronged them for centuries, we had better, in order to protect our civilization, follow it up by one more wrong and wipe these untamed and untamable creatures from the face of the earth. In this lies future safety for our settlers and the soldiers who are under incompetent commands. Otherwise, we may expect future years to be as full of trouble with the redskins as those have been in the past.[32] Soon after the event,  Dewey Beard, his brother  Joseph Horn Cloud  and others formed the  Wounded Knee Survivors Association, which came to include descendants. They sought compensation from the U.S. government for the many fatalities and injured. Today the association is independent and works to preserve and protect the historic site from exploitation, and to administer any memorial erected there. Papers of the association (1890–1973) and related materials are held by the University of South Dakota and are available for research.[33]  It was not until the 1990s that a memorial to the Lakota was included in the  National Historic Landmark. In conclusion, the â€Å"massacre† at Wounded Knee creek was to be blame on the US government, the 7th Cavalry and James W. Forsyth. The US government broke the treaty using the Ghost Dance as an excuse and awarded these murderers openly. James W. Forsyth and the 7th Cavalry also deliberately planned and executed the massacre. Draw correlation between Wounded knee and the holocaust + other holocaust. People will do everything in their power to destroy minority. US land of freedom and diversity also have stigma of mistreating and massacre of the minority, Indians until today. The Problem of tyranny of majority occur in all level Country global personal the conflict of majority is in us. Will we let the voice of others or majority kill the minority like the Elkwood we be bland and One dimensional enjoy the diversity and color of lives.

Community and the Individual in John Fords The Quiet Man Essay

Community and the Individual in John Ford's The Quiet Man John Ford's The Quiet Man is a romantic comedy that demonstrates Ford's world-view by way of symbolic visual devices as well as in the basic plot: the outsider being indoctrinated into a community through the gradual understanding of rituals and rites of passage, as well as the little nuances of everyday life. John Ford, a filmmaker with a strong Irish ancestry and pride in his roots, directed this film about the return of a retired boxer to the town of his birth, Innisfree; the plot is just the backbone of a film which is fleshed out by the ideas Ford expressed throughout all his films: the value and meaning of community, communicated with a unique dramatic rhythm. This dramatic rhythm follows a pattern of assertion -> resistance -> accommodation. Ford also uses many icons (specific visual imagery repeated throughout many of his films which have a consistent meaning and/or function for Ford) to express his ideas, such as the use of doorways, which represent a boundary between a safe area and a dangerous one, and the watching/waiting shot, which shows someone in the throes of hope or sorrow, and demonstrates homecomings or departures. Other icons found in the film, and the larger body of Ford's work, include the horizon shot, which shows the passage from one mode of life to another, and the parade/procession, which displays community harmony, usually used in a showing of community success. Also used is the reaction-shot, which serves to appraise the importance of a dramatic happening through the reactions of various characters, and lastly and very importantly, the shared imbibing of spirits, which is part of any sound celebration in Ford's world. The opening sce... ...mily makes life easier and more pleasurable. Ford uses his icons to show the passing from one situation or lifestyle into another (such as horizon shots: from the American life to the Irish, or from the single life into the married) or to show the community in harmony (processions/parades, and shared spirits). His unusual dramatic rhythm is felt on a larger level (Sean's assertion into the community, the resistance of Red Will and later Mary Kate, the accommodation of the donnybrook and the final dinner scene) as well as in each individual scene; this progression from assertion to resistance to accommodation, paired with the iconography, gives The Quiet Man a flavor and style all its own, and with the gorgeous Irish countryside as backdrop, the result is an essay on the ultimate ideal situation of community harmony and the individual sacrifice it takes to achieve it.

Home Daycare or Daycare Center

Commercial daycare or In-home childcare: Is one better than the other? Lisa Pedler ENG121: English Composition I Instructor Jenna Fussell July 30, 2012 When it comes down to choosing the best childcare option for your child, the first factor that most parents look at is: what that particular child needs. Now, there is nothing wrong with that, but there are a number of factors that needs to be considered prior to making that final choice. The decision of whether to send your child to a commercial daycare center or an in-home family childcare should depend on more than just the need of the child.Parents need to also consider environment, cost, certification, daily schedules, and provider to child ratios. When a parent finally makes the ultimate decision to place their child into the care of someone else, they must be sure that it’s the best person or place not only for the child but for them as a parents as well. Daycare centers provide children with a safe, and healthy environm ent that not only gives the child a place to laugh and play, but a place to build and improve their social and developmental skills.Daycare centers are required to uphold all state requirements such as provider to child ratios, health inspections, food regulations, cleanliness, safety, and discipline. The provider to child ratio can vary depending on the state regulation, the size of the building, and the age of the children. There could be times where there are more children to one provider than a parent may be comfortable with- meaning your child may not get that one on one attention he or she may need. Age groups separate children in a commercial daycare center, therefore allowing children to mingle amongst children their own age.This also helps with the issue of having younger children around toys that the older children are permitted to play with. State issued health inspections are required but the frequencies of such inspections can vary. State regulated centers must also pas s food regulations, as well as implement required safety and disciplinary protocols. The environment of the daycare center needs to be considered. Most daycare centers provide children with a number of child size equipment, furniture and activities. They also offer many different stations children can rotate into throughout the day.A state regulated center can offer a parent the security of having implemented the use of security cameras. Daycare centers also have a steep chain of command, which is lead by the centers director. When you think of a daycare center, you think of costs. It is implied that commercial daycare costs are usually on the more expensive end of the bar. One must think of its employees that have to be paid and other programs that have to be paid for. Even though a daycare center may be a bit expensive, most parents believe that it is well worth it considering all a center can offer them and their child(ren).Another factor that needs to be explored when looking at a commercial daycare center is the issue of illnesses amongst the children. When a child is in a four-wall room with 15 other children, the risk of catching another child’s illness goes up drastically. Not only does the risk factor go up, but the possibility of containing the illness goes down. There are so many children in and out of the room throughout the day that germs are being spread from child to child to toy to toy. Moving away from commercial daycare centers, we look into in-home family childcare.Deciding to go with in-home care not only brings just about all the advantages of a daycare center, but it also brings a little more to the table. When choosing an in-home care, you would need to be sure that it is a licensed home. When a home is licensed, they too have to follow state requirements for provider to child ratio, health inspections, food regulations, cleanliness, safety, and discipline. Most states requires that in-home childcare have a smaller ratio than what a commercial daycare center may have for one provider.This ultimately means that your child will get more of a one on one experience. However, an in-home care may have a smaller number of children, but they have a broader age range in care. This simply means that one home can consist of a six-week old infant, a two-year-old toddler, and a four-year-old preschooler. Just as commercial daycares, in-home childcare has to go through many health inspections and also be able to pass implemented food regulations, as well as safety and disciplinary protocols.In-home childcare environments may differ from those of a commercial center. The space of an in-home care may be limited to an area of the home; however, the child can feel more at home due to the fact that it still remains a home. Having this as an advantage may give the child more security than that of a commercial center. In-home childcare costs are usually lower than that of a commercial daycare center. This can be for reason such as the provider sets the rates, and that there is only one person that needs to get paid.Having one provider in the home means that the payments that are coming in does not have to be calculated between several individuals, therefore bringing down the cost of childcare. The issue of traveling germs may not be of a high risk factor in an in-home care as it would be in a daycare center. The smaller number of children in a home makes it a little easier for an illness to be contained. It becomes easier to watch the children, watch what is being shared, and what is being put into their mouths because of the smaller number.In the end, parents have a huge decision to make. Whether a parent chooses the safe, more sociable, and more costly way of childcare or the still safe, more family orientated, and less costly way of childcare; the decision of leaving your child in the care of someone else is huge. When on the hunt for that home away from home for your child; there are many factors that should be considered. Whether you decide to go with a commercial daycare center or an in-home care, your child is going to be off to a great start in life in a safe, and playful environment.

Urban deprivation is one of the characteristics of large cities in all parts of the world

The inner city areas of many Global cities have an image of decay with poverty, pollution, crime, overcrowding, poor housing conditions and unemployment. Such problems are more prevalent in inner-city areas than in other areas of the city. Deprivation has been caused by old industries closing down and increasing the unemployment levels which are not tackled due to the old workers not being skilled enough to work in these new factories or line of jobs. This happens more in MEDC's compared to LEDC's where overpopulation and urbanization have cause the problems in the inner city. Counterurbanization has been another problem within MEDC's as it has left houses derelict and the people would rather commute than live in the inner city. This has then led to out of town shopping centers being set up. In MEDC's the inner city initiatives for reversing the decline of the inner city started back in 1945 with comprehensive redevelopment. This program involved large-scale clearance of old terraces in order to provide space for new housing and inner city environmental features. Over twenty years 1. 5 million properties wee knocked down in the inner city. Elswick and Kenton in Newcastle were two areas embarked for comprehensive redevelopment. Existing residents were moved either into new towns of Cramlington or to extensive council houses estates built in areas such as, Byker. Many local authorities followed identical planning and soon the landscape of the inner city was transformed with huge concrete and glass tower blocks separated by flat expanses of grass. At the time these high-rise flats were a great success architecturally however the policy failed due to redevelopment underachieving demolition. This gave a housing shortage and vast spaces of derelict land. This policy that lasted till 1967 also failed to tackle the social and economic problems. 1968 saw another scheme come into action; the Urban Aid programme gave grants to local authorities to expand services in deprived areas and to establish community development projects using self help. This scheme was a great deal more localized and it was unfortunate that the economic downturn limited the funds and therefore by 1977 the scheme had finished. The next year the new towns policy was abandoned in an effort to stop decentralization of people and businesses. For the first time inner cities were officially declared problem areas. In 1988 Margaret Thatcher introduced the â€Å"Action for cities† policy. From 1991 onwards-Local authorities were able to bid for funds for specific urban projects. An example is Sunderland; the money was used to redesign parts of the city center with a new shopping precinct. And bus station. A single government department, the end of the 1990's had created the Urban Regeneration Agency. In Greater Manchester 4. 5 hectares of the city were destroyed with 30,000 homes left damaged form the bombing of World War II. By the end of the war 70,000 homes were deemed unfit for living mostly in the high density Victorian inner center. The plan for Manchester was launched in 1945 with the aim of clearing all Victorian housing. Following the repair of the war the Manchester Slum Clearance Programme restarted in 1954. Over five years 7500 properties were demolished mostly in the Miles Platting area. In 1961 the policy of comprehensive development took place with the clearance programme expanding in four main areas: Hulme, Beswick, Longsight and Harpurhey. Over 55,00 new houses, a mixture of low and high rise were built to replaced the cleared terraces reducing the housing density and population by up to 50% in some areas. The Hulme area was a typical Victorian area of Manchester and was tightly packed with terraces. Conditions were overcrowded and polluted with few housing having toilets. After the demolition of the terraces, shopping facilities were introduced in three areas. By 1972 the redevelopment of Hulme was completed with 5,000 new houses being built. Problems did arise with new properties leaking and then the heating bills were too high for the residents and many found the accommodation inappropriate. This area fell into a spiral of decline with growing unemployment, drugs and violence along with eh deteriorating environment. The Hulme city challenge was launched in 1992. This plan involved building of 3000 new homes, shops, roads, offices and community facilities to replace existing properties in a 60-hectare area. The funds of i200 million came from the government, local authority and private finance. Manchester faced other problems form the closure of the nineteenth century industries that left 24,000 jobs unavailable between 1974 and 1984. Plans included 2000 new houses and 375,000 square meters of industrial and commercial floor space to provide 10,000 jobs. In 1988 central Manchester was given n UDC to regenerate 200 hectares of land and buildings in the southern part of the city center. This area included six conservation areas, over ninety listed buildings, three universities, the Granada Studios Tour and the Museum of Science and Industry. However these were the areas of contaminated land, derelict warehouses, mills and canals. The IDC ended in 1996 and in the eight years of operation invested i420 million. Urban deprivation in the LEDC's have been tackled in many ways however there have been schemes that have proven to be a lot more successful than the others. In Chennai there has been a rapid increase in population due to the rural to urban migration and the high birth rates. About one third of the population lives in the slums, mostly shantytowns. The planning solutions began with the building of four to six storey blocks however these largely failed due to high maintenance and lack of uptake as the tenants would be unable to afford the rent. If the rent were reduced the scheme would lose money. After this initial failure The Board took up a new idea of upgrading the slums. The aims set were providing one bath and one toilet per ten families; one public fountain per twenty families; one street light per forty meters of road and one pre school per two hundred families. Other initiatives required self-help financing after an initial investment had been made either by the World Bank or welfare organizations. These schemes encouraged greater community involvement. Some of the start up loans were gave to families to build their own homes. Site and service schemes were implemented with finance provided for the acquisition of land; purchase of building materials, road building and the provision of basic services such as, water and sewage. New owners were then responsible for building the property on their allocated land. The upgrading after that often led to the sale of homes to higher income groups. The generated some money for the poor families and allowed the Board to re-invest in new schemes. An area in the southern outskirts of Chennai was the location for a site and services scheme known as Velacheri. It provided fourteen hectares of land to house 2,640 families many of whom were being forced out of Chennai. Waiting for the new residents building their homes would have caused a delayed the rail building so contractors were used to begin the building of properties. Along with the roads, water supply, streetlights and many other services. These services did face problems with many being left unfinished and extra floors being added without regulation. Some families sold their home for profit and the poorest were unable to afford these houses. These are some example of the initiatives being taken in order to solve the problem of urban deprivation. However there have been many other schemes and one of the most successful was that of the Favelas in Brazil redevelopment that won several prizes such as, the famous Habitat Award from the United Nations. These have been more successful as it didn't break up the families and kept the community spirit and the families could continue to access their place of employment. The similarities between the initiatives of the MEDC and LEDC worlds that have been undertaken for there reduction of urban deprivation are not all that similar. This is due to the fact that the MEDC's have more finance so there are able to use other schemes to tackle their problems. Also the fact that the problems they face are of a different cause. In the LEDC's it tends to be shanty towns are therefore have to look to house these people unlike the MEDC it not so overcrowding but unemployment due to the decline of the Industrial Revolution and recently Counterurbanization has left old Victorian buildings derelict and an eye-saw.

How Information Technology Affects Business Essay

As a business owner, and manager the need for a way to manage our information is essential. The ability to handle the overwhelming amount of data and information that goes through a company every day could be a key factor in whether a business fails or succeeds. (Ebert & Griffin 2005) The system in which we collect and use this information is called an Information System (IS). An IS is used in financial accounting, managerial accounting, by laborers, and executives. In my basket shop, an Information System is what allows us to keep track of orders, from the time they are received to when they are delivered. It keeps track of customer information, the supplies ordered, what supplies have been used, and whether we need to reorder. IS also keeps track of what we are spending, how much we are making, and whether we are making a profit or loss. There is so much more this system does for us, but basically lets us be more efficient, offer better customer service, and allows us to see our problem areas. We can then correct any problems, and set better goals and plans for our future. The use of the Information System has allowed us to hire fewer employees, and be a lot more competitive in the market. I have to say if we did not have any kind of way to manage the information we receive, we could not be as efficient, which would lead to customer dissatisfaction, and in the end we would go out of business. We all know that in today’s society. Businesses are expected to be proficient by responding quickly in fulfilling all orders correctly and with a timely delivery. â€Å"Web sites are becoming a vital communication tool – almost as valuable as the telephone, and much more flexible and economical than a printed brochure or flier† (â€Å"Internet Use†, 2000) With the use of email and the internet we will have drastic reductions in cost, increased speed in communication time, and a larger customer reach and satisfaction. Email will allow us to save money on stamps and paper, cut response time to a minimum, and send advertisements about sales to previous customers who took this option. A problem that used to take days to handle before by mail, waiting for papers to arrive by mail etc, is now handled in minutes. Without the internet, we would not be able to offer a virtual store front online, which allows us to reach customers, thousands of miles away,  that we would not reach otherwise. The online store, will give the customers the option of having their basket delivered, or they can order ahead of time and pick up at the store location. The internet provides access to the World Wide Web (WWW). With the WWW we can do more cost efficient and quicker research on our competitors, suppliers, and the local economic status. Being better informed, we will be able to keep our prices fair and reasonable, yet still make a profit. Through the use of the internet, and help from a GPS tracker, we will be able to keep track of packages being delivered. This will allow us to keep our customers better informed as to when they will receive their basket and make sure they don’t get lost. The World Wide Web will also allow us to accept payment options that we would not be able to afford otherwise. With the help of ProPay and PayPal we will be able to take payments with credit cards that we would not be able to offer if the internet was not available. In conclusion, with the help of email and the internet, we will be able provide faster, dependable, more cost efficient service, and in return have better customer satisfaction. Information technology has become an important part of most of today’s businesses, it provides us with a way to process, create and store information. With a Database management program a single piece of data is put into several different files to create useful information. It has allowed us to eliminate the middleman in most cases. In cutting out the middleman, this has allowed quicker response times to situations and increase productivity and set better performance goals. We have more reliable financial statements. It allows you to set up filters, so when looking at certain areas, you aren’t wasting time looking through useless information. This in turn saves time and saving time saves money. When keeping customer’s information stored in our system, it allows us to be more personable and develop stronger relationships with them. The use of email, internet, and information technology allows us to do things we wouldn’t have dreamed of years ago. We can talk face to face with people while being continents apart, we can find information we need at the touch of a couple of buttons, and in return have become more productive, proficient, reliable, and better planners. Because we have increased our  productivity, and improved our performance due to the technology, we have become more profitable as a result. Resources: Ebert, R.J., & Griffen, R.W. (2005) Business essentials (5th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall. Rooster Graphics International. (2000). Internet use by small business. Retrieved September 29, 2006, from Rooster Graphics website: http://www.rostergraphics.com/ADMIN/SBuse.html